Puddling and heating furnace



(No Model.)

M. V. SMITH. Puddling and Heating Furnace. No. 30,583. Patented July27,1880.

MIEEEEB- v IqvEqlua.

.- 79% MMW/ Q/m'/%.

+--- I l l PATENT Enron;

MARTIN V. SMITH, OF MGKEESPORT, PENNSYLVANIA.

PUDDLING AND HEATING FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 230,583, dated July 27,1880,

Application filed April 19,1880. (N0 model.) I

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, MARTIN V. SMITH, ofMcKeesport, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, haveinvented a new and useful Improvement in Puddling and Heating Furnaces;and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription thereof, reference being had to theaccompanyingdrawings,forminga part of this specification, in which-Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of my improved furnace. Fig.2 is a horizontal section on the line an 00, Fig. l; and Fig. 3 is across-section through the stack, looking toward the furnace-chamber.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each.

My invention relates to reverberatory furnaces for puddling and heatingiron, steel, and other metals in their manufacture for merchantablepurposes. I

Its principal object is to obtain a more perfect combustion of the gasesused as fuel or generated from the coal in the heating-chamber above thebed supporting the metal, which will create so high and even heat in thechamber that a much larger heating-chamber can be used, and the capacityof the furnace thus greatly increased. 1

Heretofore different constructions of furnaces have been used for thispurpose, among others furnaces in which the air to aid in the combustionof the gases is heated in a stove or series of pipes located at the baseof the stack, and is discharged at or near the throat or mouth of theheating-chamber.

My invention consists, first, in. pi'ovidin g the furnace with anair-blast heating-stove, located at the base of the stack, formed of aseries of arched and transverse flues, and suitable flues for conductingand discharging the air-blast through a discharge-flue in thebridge-wall; second, in forming a series of piers between thebeating-chamber and stack, dividing the opening between them into aseries of ports 5 third, in forming these piers hollow for the passageof air; and, finally, in details of construction hereinafter set forth.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, 1 willdescribe its construction and operation.

' Thefurnace shown is a reheating reverberatory furnace provided withthe fire-chamber A, heating-chamber B, and stack O.-. The firechamber Ahas the usual stokinghole a and a series of grate-bars, D, supported ontransverse bars d. The grate D is formed inclining toward thebridge-wall E, so that a large mass of incandescent fuel is held nearthe bridge-wall. The furnace is provided with one or more doors, f, inthe rear wall, F, through which the grate-bars are drawn.

The bed Gof the heating-chamber B extends from the bridge-wall E to thebase of the stack, and is formed of suitable bed-plates supporting thebottom or bed of sand or ffix.

The roof H is formed horizontalover the fire-chamber A, but is curvedgradually down ward over the heating-chamber to the base of the stack,forming the dome in the heatingverberated down upon the metal. y

The heating-chamber B is formed longer than usual in reverberatoryfurnaces, occupying the space of the heating-chamber and fur; nace-neck,and extending, as before stated, to the base of the stack. 7

I have found that a working-bed nine feet in length and seven in width,giving sixtythree feet of working-surface, can be easily heated foreither puddling or reheating purposes in my improved furnace. It is ofthe same width throughout, and communicates with the base of the stackthrough a series of ports, K, separated by suitable piers V, the portsat the sides being formed against the side wall of the furnace.

The heating-chamber is provided with two workingdoors, I), to enable theworkman to reach any part of the enlarged working-bed.

The stack 0 is supported on pillars in the 7o chamber, by which the heatis deflected or reusual way, andextends up to any desired height. Thebase of the stack G is formed the same width as the heatiugchamber, sothat the ports K pass directly into'this enlarged base, which is drawnin above to the internal width of the stack. At the base of the stack isformed the heating-stove L, for heating the air-blast, the said heatingstove being located in the enlarged base 0. This heating-stove ispreferably formed of two transverse flues, m at, extending across thefurnace, connected by a series of hollow arches or arched flues,p, whichextend up into the chimney. The flue m is arranged at the base of theouter wall of the stack, and the blast'pipe q passes through.

said wall into the flue. The flue n is located under the wall betweenthe heating-chamber and stack.

I find a series of three hollow arches or arched flues, 19, extending upfrom the transverse flues into the stack gives the best results, as theair can pass from the blast-pipe into the transverse flue m, andcirculating therein pass through the arched fines 1) into the transverseflue a. At either end of the transverse flue n are the longitudinalflues 1*, which extend under the bed-plate to the base of thebridge-wall E, where they connect with the transverse flue s in thebridge-wall. The base of this flue is made large, so that the air cancirculate through it, and it is then drawn into a width of about twoinches, and extends up through the bridge-wall to the top thereof, theflue preferably opening out along the entire top of the wall. The wallis keyed together with brick extending across the flue at differentpoints, and the top is made sloping on either side from the mouth of theflue s to shed any slag or particles of coal, and prevent their fallinginto the flue, as well as to form the top of the bridge nozzle-shaped,so that the gases passing over the sloping bridge come in contact withthe blast close to the exit of the flue,

and a more perfect commingling of the air and gases is obtained.

Instead of the long flue s, a series of ports leading from a transverseflue at the base of the stack may be employed.

The top of the bridge-wall is capped with incombustible or refractorybricks t, such as those formed of asbestus, which will stand the intenseheat at the point of contact between the blast. and flame.

Doors are formed in the furnace sides for cleaning the transverse fluesm n s.

The walls of the front of the heating-chamber are built down around thearched flues p, the bases of which form the piers V, separatin g theports Kbetween the chamber and stack. As all the Waste products mustpass through these ports, they pass around the base of the arched fluesp, and in ascending the stack circulate around the arches of the finesand raise the blast passing through them to an exceedingly high heat.The convergent walls 0 of the enlarged stack-base C also deflect theheat back upon the arched flues, adding to the heat of the chamber.

The air-blast passing through the arched flues p prevents their burningout, so that the heating-stove in the furnace will wear a long time. Asthe blast passes down through the piers between the ports K it coolsthem, and prevents their burning out under the intense heat passingbetween them from the heatingchamber.

The operation of my improved furnace is as follows: When coal is used asfuel it isfed to the fire-chamber A through the stoking-hole a, and asuflicient amount of air to support the flameis admitted to the chamber,either through a blastpipe or an open ash-pit. The carbonicoxide gasgenerated from the burning coal. passes over the sloping bridge-wallinto the heating-chamber. In the meantime the air-L blast. has beenforced from the blast-pipe q into the heating-stove L. and therebyraised to a high heat, and then conducted through the flues r to thedischarge-flue s. The heated air is discharged through the flue sin thebridgewall in an upward direction, so as to impinge from underneathagainst the flame or gases passing over the wall at right angles, and,penetrating them, causes a thorough commingling of the air and gases,and therefore a complete combustion of the fuel and the generation of anexceedingly high heat in the heatingchamber, sufficient for metallurgicpurposes all over the enlarged chamber.

The force of the blast carries the mixed air and gas up against thefurnace-roof, so that the combustion takes place in the upper part ofthe heating-chamber, above the metal supported on the bed. The heatgenerated by this combustion is then deflected or reverberated down uponthe metal, causing the rapid heating and melting thereof. As the gas andheated air are not mixed until they enter the heating-chamber, all theheat generated thereby is utilized in the chamber, and practical testshave proven that for this reason the enlarged chamber can be fullyheated, and the capacity of the furnace increased fully onethird overthe ordinary furnace.

In reheating, as the combustion takes place in the upper part of thefurnace, and the heat only is deflected upon the iron, the loss fromoxidation is greatly reduced, being only about one-third of the usualfurnace, where the flame is thrown down directly on the metal. Byregulating the blast either a neutral, reducing, or oxidizing flame canbe obtained.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-- 1. In a puddling or heating furnace, the combination of theheating-stove L, located at the base of the stack, formed of thetransverse flues m a and arched flues p, with the longitudinal flues rand discharge flue 8, located in the bridge-wall, substantially as andfor the purposes described.

2. In a puddling or heating furnace, the combination of the bridge-wallE, provided with the upwardly-openin g dischargeflue s,with the of portsK between the heating-chamber and m a andarched flnes p, located at thebase of stack, snbstantiall y as and. for the purposes the stack in theline of the waste products set forth. from the heating-chamber,substantially as and 5. In a pnddling or heating furnace, the comfor thepurposes set forth. 15 5 bina-tion, with the heatin g-chainberB andstack In testimony whereof I, the said MARTIN V.

O, of the series of piers V. formed hollow and SMITH, have hereunto setmy hand.

separating the ports K between the chamber and stack. substantially asand for the pur- MARTIN SMITH poses set forth. Witnesses: to 6. In apuddling or heating furnace, the J. E. WOOD,

heating-stove L, formed of the transverse tlues JAMES I. KAY.

